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To cut through some of this confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of an electronic concept kind of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It is created and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the first example of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset class that shares several characteristics of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical proof. The idea was to produce a means of exchange, independent of any central power, which may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
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Bitcoin can be used to pay for things electronically, if the two parties are willing. In that sense, its similar to conventional dollars, euros, or yen, which are also traded digitally.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of committed computers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
Bitcoin solves the double spending issue of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can easily be copied and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys value relative to others. Holders of this currency (and notably citizens with very little alternative) bear the cost.
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept operate in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol assesses all previous transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin as well as the authority to send them.
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In practice, each user is identified with the address of his or her wallet. Transactions can, with a little effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify users if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their clients before they're allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a specific transaction is visible to all.
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This is because there is no central adjudicator that can say okay, return the money. When a transaction is listed on the network, and if greater than an hour has passed, then it is impossible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet a few, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It page is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) in todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Read more to find out how bitcoin transactions are processed and the way bitcoins are mined, what it can be used for, in addition to how you can purchase, sell and store your bitcoin. We also explain a few alternatives to bitcoin, as well as the way its underlying technology the blockchain works. .
If you want to know what is Bitcoin, how you can get it and how it can assist you, without floundering into technical details, this guide is for you. It will explain how the system operates, how you can use it for your profit, which scams to avoid. It will also direct you to resources which will help you shop and use your first pieces of digital currency.